At first, the conditioning was lost after the caterpillars transformed into butterflies, but astonishingly, when the training was provided at later stages in the larval cycle, this aversion to ethyl acetate was retained even after the caterpillar had metamorphosized. 77% of such butterflies continued to go down the arm with fresh air when re-introduced to the Y-tube setup after their metamorphosis. A neuron (nerve cell) is the functional unit of the nervous system. They receive and transmit neural impulses. Meaning that, neurons receive, process and integrate information from all regions of the body and send instructions on how body tissues are to respond to environmental and internal events. Finkelstein, A. et al. Three-dimensional head-direction coding in the bat brain. Nature 517, 159–164 (2015).

butterfly compass - ScienceDirect The neurobiology of the Monarch butterfly compass - ScienceDirect

Tenger-Trolander, A. & Kronforst, M. R. Migration behaviour of commercial monarchs reared outdoors and wild-derived monarchs reared indoors. Proc. Biol. Sci. 287, 20201326 (2020). In our patient population, the median tumor volume for the biopsy group was larger than for the surgically decompressed group, despite that the two patients with the largest tumor volumes were both decompressed. The difference in median volume is not statistically significant. However, there is a wide range of volumes for both groups; 35.0–123.2 cm 3 in the biopsy group and 0.8–178.1 cm 3 in the decompressed group. Tumor volume was less of a determinant whether a patient underwent a decompressive procedure, rather the degree of mass effect or effect on functional status and subsequent ability to tolerate and gain benefit from surgery were the main factors. Lu, J. et al. Transforming representations of movement from body- to world-centric space. Nature 601, 98–104 (2022). Vinay Puduvalli, Department of Neurooncology, The University of Texas M.D., Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 442, Houston, TX, USA. Image: A schematic diagram showing the experimental approach, where a patch-clamp electrode is used to make a recording from a single pyramidal neuron.Matheson, A. M. M. et al. A neural circuit for wind-guided olfactory navigation. Nat. Commun. 13, 4613 (2022). Patel, R. N. & Cronin, T. W. Mantis shrimp navigate home using celestial and idiothetic path integration. Curr. Biol. 30, 1981–1987 e1983 (2020). If GD neurons exist in the insect central complex, we expected that their pfds should be tightly linked to butterflies’ new goal direction. Remarkably, in addition to compass neurons that showed invariant angular tuning (example green neuron in Fig. 2f, h), we indeed found neurons whose angular tuning changed in association with the butterflies’ goal directions (example blue neuron in Fig. 2g, h). Angular tuning of GD neurons specifically changed with the insect’s goal direction Kaplan–Meier plots of a overall survival of the entire cohort of patients with a butterfly glioblastoma and b the cohort of patients having undergone surgical biopsy compared to the cohort having undergone surgical decompression. All patients were included regardless of having received adjuvant therapy. Median survival for the biopsy group was 48 days compared to the surgically decompressed group of 265 days, p = 0.14 (log-rank)

Do Butterflies Remember Being Caterpillars? » Science ABC Do Butterflies Remember Being Caterpillars? » Science ABC

If you’ve just been diagnosed and are about to have treatment, you may want to see what other people’s first treatment was. Use the First Treatment insight in BRIAN, which you can personalise to make it relevant to you. You may need treatment and support like occupational therapy and physiotherapy to help you recover or adapt to any problems.

Recovery and after effects

The limbic system (includes; hippocampal formation, fornix, amygdala, insular cortex, and others) is involved in memory, olfaction, emotional behaviour and overall physiological balance of the body (homeostasis) Brain tumours are also called primary (which start in the brain) and secondary (which spread to the brain). Generally, if you’re well enough, you’ll have neurosurgery to take out as much of the tumour as possible. Li YM, Suki D, Hess K, Sawaya R. Li YM, et al. J Neurosurg. 2016 Apr;124(4):977-88. doi: 10.3171/2015.5.JNS142087. Epub 2015 Oct 23. J Neurosurg. 2016. PMID: 26495941 inspiration from the celebrated butterfly effect - the idea that the flap of a butterfly's wings in Brazil could set off a tornado in Texas. Their strategy was to introduce a small perturbation into the brain, the neural equivalent

Butterfly glioma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org Butterfly glioma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

Like all high-grade gliomas the prognosis is dismal, and usually, no attempt at "curative" resection is made. Differential diagnosis Tenger-Trolander, A., Lu, W., Noyes, M. & Kronforst, M. R. Contemporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 14671–14676 (2019). Butterfly glioblastomas arguably represent the most aggressive form of glioblastoma multiforme. To date, objective assessment of a survival or clinical performance advantage in this patient population has not been performed. There is a paucity of objective data available to physicians that describe the clinical course and optimal management of this disease. Current management options include biopsy only, followed by radiation and chemotherapy; surgical decompression followed by radiation and chemotherapy; or biopsy followed by palliative measures (comfort care). Management decisions are subjective, based upon physician experience and/or patient/family preferences in light of the prognosis of this disease.Zhu, H., Gegear, R. J., Casselman, A., Kanginakudru, S. & Reppert, S. M. Defining behavioral and molecular differences between summer and migratory monarch butterflies. BMC Biol. 7, 14 (2009). Descending pathways control the movements of the body. They are classified in two large groups; pyramidal and extrapyramidal. The pyramidal motor system (corticonuclear and corticospinal pathways) originates from the motor cortex to control voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. Speak to your care team if you'd like to know what the outlook is for you, as it varies from person to person. Fisher, Y. E. Flexible navigational computations in the Drosophila central complex. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 73, 102514 (2022).