Cernay, C., Pelzer, E. & Makowski, D. A global experimental dataset for assessing grain legume production. Sci. Data 3, 160084 (2016). A three-month study in 53 healthy adults found that those who ate two additional grams of soluble fiber per day experienced a 12.8% decrease in “bad” LDL cholesterol, while the group that ate less fiber did not have any significant changes in their LDL levels ( 1). Cubero, J. I. & Suso, M. J. Primitive and modern forms of Vicia faba. Kulturpflanze 29, 137–145 (1981). Muratova, V. Bulletin of Applied Botany of Genetics and Plant Breeding Supplement 50, 1–298 (1931). Genes from 19 legume species (Supplementary Table 6) were clustered to determine the orthologues relationship. The protein sequences from these species were aligned to each other using BLASTP v2.2.26 (ref. 88) (-evalue 1 × 10 −5). The results were then used to cluster the gene families by OrthoMCL v2.0.9 (ref. 89). Phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation

Sun, H., Ding, J., Piednoël, M. & Schneeberger, K. findGSE: estimating genome size variation within human and Arabidopsis using k-mer frequencies. Bioinformatics 34, 550–557 (2017). The protein content of fava bean powder tends to be comparable to the highest pea protein or whey protein isolate products. This is partly because fava beans react well to processes of acid extraction/isoelectric precipitation that result in high concentrations of protein in the end products. Amino Acids Cannon, S. B. et al. Multiple polyploidy events in the early radiation of nodulating and nonnodulating legumes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32, 193–210 (2014). Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35, 1547–1549 (2018).Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Bourgogne, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France Approximately 79% of the Hedin/2 assembly was annotated as transposon-derived (Supplementary Table 8). By far, the largest group is the LTR retrotransposons (RLX), accounting for 63.7% of the genome sequence. Other groups of TEs represent only minor fractions of the genome (Supplementary Table 8). Among the RLX, those of the Gypsy (RLG) superfamily outnumber Copia (RLC) elements by more than 2:1 (Fig. 1d and Extended Data Fig. 3). The Ogre family of Gypsy elements alone make up almost half (44%) of the genome, confirming its status as a major determinant of genome size in the Fabaceae 18 (Fig. 2f). The great length of individual elements (up to 35 kb for Ogre and 32 kb of SIRE, the longest and second-longest elements, respectively), together with their abundance, partially explains the large size of the faba bean genome (Supplementary Fig. 5). In addition, a large and diverse set of satellite repeat families that differ in their monomer sequences and genome abundance 31 accounted for 9.4% of the total assembly length, with the most abundant satellite family FokI representing 4% (0.475 Gb). FokI, together with several other highly amplified satellites, forms prominent heterochromatic bands on faba bean chromosomes (Fig. 1c). The TE density was remarkably invariable along all six chromosomes, mirroring gene density and recombination rate, and inverse to the density of satellite arrays (Fig. 1d and Extended Data Fig. 3). Llorens, C. et al. The Gypsy Database (GyDB) of mobile genetic elements: release 2.0. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, D70–D74 (2010). Soluble fiber may promote healthy bowel movements by absorbing water in your gut, forming a gel-like substance and softening your stool ( 40).

Development of an empirical model to predict emulsion characteristics from protein properties The regression models were obtained by fitting eqn (5) to the experimental data of proteins (input variables: S, OHC, WHC, IT, and IF (soluble + insoluble)) and emulsion (output response: droplet size, percent destabilization, and viscosity) properties ( eqn (6)–(8)) at pH 7. Other input variables determined in this research (secondary structure, zeta potential) did not have any significant effect on the emulsion properties, hence was not included in the model development. The high correlation coefficient ( R 2 = 0.9996, 0.9993 and 0.9994 for size, destabilization and viscosity, respectively) between the values predicted by the regression models ( eqn (6)–(8)) and the experimental data implies that the EPR technique has promising potential to predict the performance of such systems (Fig. S2, ESI †). Carrillo-Perdomo, E. et al. Development of new genetic resources for faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) breeding through the discovery of gene-based SNP markers and the construction of a high-density consensus map. Sci. Rep. 10, 6790 (2020). RNA was extracted from 100 mg of flash-frozen dissected tissue (testa and cotyledon) using a Sigma Spectrum Kit (STRN250) according to the manufacturer’s directions, except that incubation was made at room temperature after DNA digestion. Although extraction of RNA from cotyledons was performed exactly as per manufacturer’s specifications, testa tissue was disrupted in an extraction buffer consisting of CTAB, PVP, 2 M Tris pH 8, 0.5 M EDTA pH 8, 4 M NaCl, spermidine and β-mercaptoethanol, followed by precipitation with 8 M lithium chloride (instead of the kit’s lysis step). Total RNA was quantified using Qubit RNA IQ assay and normalized before preparation of directional mRNA sequencing libraries using standard methods. Between 4.1 and 5.6 million Illumina PE150 short reads per library (3× replicates, 2× tissues and 2× genotypes) were generated. Hedin/2 and Tiffany gene expression were quantified using Kallisto v0.44.0 by pseudo-aligning RNA sequencing reads to respective reference transcripts. Transcript-level abundance was converted to gene-level abundance using tximport. Reporting summary Dolezel, J. Nuclear DNA content and genome size of trout and human. Cytometry A 51, 127–128 (2003). Look to Ingredion for a local, North American supply of plant proteins. Manufactured at Ingredion’s new Vanscoy, Saskatchewan plant protein facility, ultra-performance VITESSENCE ® Prista P 360 faba bean protein concentrate:

85%

One study in 200 young women found that those who reported an insufficient dietary intake of iron were six times more likely to have anemia compared to those with adequate intake ( 26). With its high protein content and essential amino acids, the Pulsin Faba Bean Protein Powder is an excellent choice for muscle building, strength training, and recovery. This plant-based protein powder provides optimal protein synthesis for peak performance and energy, making it a perfect addition to your workout routine. Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic Mordor’s market analysis reveals that soy protein has the highest market share. Available in flour, concentrate and isolate formats, soy protein is ‘widely’ used in processed food, as a protein supplement or as protein drinks. Demand for plant-based alternatives to meat and dairy products continues to rise. Data from Mordor Intelligence forecasts that the European plant-based protein market is set to increase in value to €2.36bn by 2025, a compound annual growth rate of 7.4% over the next five years.