Joined in 2023 
82 
63 About this deal
The total carbohydrate content was determined by using the phenol sulphuric acid method [ 31]. In this test, glucose was taken as a standard. Different concentrations of glucose (16.125 μg/mL, 32.250 μg/mL, 62.500 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL, and 250 μg/mL) were prepared in distilled water by serial dilution technique. For each sample, the extract solution of 1 mg/mL concentration was prepared by using distilled water. Then, 2 mL of the aliquot sample was treated with 1 mL of 5% phenol solution. After that, 5 mL of conc. H 2SO 4 was added to the mixture shaking properly. After well shaking of mixture solution up to 10 minutes, it was kept in a water bath (30°C) for 20 minutes. In the same manner, a blank solution was prepared without a sample. Finally, the absorbance of incubated standards solutions and sample solutions were recorded at 490 nm. All the measurements were evaluated in triplicate [ 24]. 2.10. Antioxidant Activity Determination by DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Method
Sperdouli, I.; Moustakas, M. Interaction of proline, sugars, and anthocyanins during photosynthetic acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought stress. J. Plant Physiol. 2012, 169, 577–585. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] In our study, P. utilis ethyl acetate leaf extract was found to be most prominent against S. epidermis (ZOI-13.83 mm). However, this extract was insensitive against S. aureus. Similarly, methanolic leaf extract was most prominent against S. aureus (ZOI-12.33 mm). Furthermore, the methanolic seed extract was most sensitive against K. pneumoniae (ZOI-11.66 mm) and E. coli (ZOI-9.0 mm). Also, the methanolic leaf extract was reported to be most sensitive against both gram-positive strains. Interestingly, the methanolic seed extract was successful in suppressing the growth of gram-negative as well as gram-positive bacterial strains. Our finding about the broad-spectrum activity of P. utilis seed extract was also supported by previous research conducted in China [ 24]. Between the two gram-positive bacteria, S. epidermidis was more sensitive than S. aureus, whereas K. pneumoniae was more sensitive than E. coli in the case of gram-negative bacteria. In summary, leaf extracts were more effective against gram-positive bacteria and seed extracts were more sensitive towards gram-negative bacteria. Previously published research studies about phytochemical analysis of P. utilis seed and leaf have shown that both parts are rich in diverse classes of polyphenols, flavonoids, and their glycosidic forms [ 26, 27]. However, a unique type of hydroxylnitrile-glucoside compound (prinsepicyanosides A- E) has been identified in P. utilis seed extract. These unique classes of bioactive compounds have shown excellent inhibitory effects against several gram-negative bacteria such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella gallinarum, Vibrio cholera, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus [ 40]. This might be the possible reason for the better inhibitory effect of P. utilis seed extract on gram-negative bacterial strains in our study. Figure S1 shows the zone of inhibition formed by ethyl acetate leaf extract (Figure S1A) and methanolic leaf extract (Figure S1B) against S. epidermidis.De Schepper, V.; De Swaef, T.; Bauweraerts, I.; Steppe, K. Phloem transport: A review of mechanisms and controls. J. Exp. Bot. 2013, 64, 4839–4850. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version]
Mertz-Henning, L.; Ferreira, L.; Henning, F.; Mandarino, J.; Santos, E.; Oliveira, M.; Nepomuceno, A.; Farias, J.; Neumaier, N. Effect of water deficit-induced at vegetative and reproductive stages on protein and oil content in soybean grains. Agronomy 2017, 8, 3. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] Ayre, B.G. Membrane-transport systems for sucrose in relation to whole-plant carbon partitioning. Mol. Plant 2011, 4, 377–394. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version]
Blossom and catkin ID
Liu, J.; Ma, Y.; Lv, F.; Chen, J.; Zhou, Z.; Wang, Y.; Abudurezike, A.; Oosterhuis, D.M. Changes of sucrose metabolism in leaf subtending to cotton boll under cool temperature due to late planting. Field Crop Res. 2013, 144, 200–211. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]
Ethanol extracts from A. absinthium leaf and seed were evaluated for apoptotic potential using flow cytometric analysis and caspase-3 activity on A-549 cells. According to our findings, extracts induced apoptosis, and total cell death increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In other words, treatment of cells with more toxic concentration of extracts caused apoptosis and killed cells undergoing apoptosis faster through necrosis. Investigation of Bad and Bcl-2 protein expression levels in a future study will elucidate the mechanism of apoptosis in all cells lines examined here because the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins is vital for cell survival. In a previous study, a methanolic extract of A. absinthium inhibited cell proliferation through apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2 family proteins and the MEK/ERK pathway in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. 18 P.major has been used as a remedy against stomachache, toothache, and inflammation in the Kars region. 15 In addition, traditional use of P. major in the treatment of tumors was reviewed by Samuelsen 28 and Haddadian et al. 29; however, not much information is available for scientific validation and anticancer activities. In this present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of extracts obtained from leaf and seed of P. major. Seed extracts exhibited 78% and 28% cytotoxicity on A-549 and DU-145 cells, respectively. Even though the leaf extract did not cause cytotoxicity on A-549 cells, it gave rise to 38% cytotoxicity against DU-145 cells.set out a leaf and seed discovery zone. Lay out a selection of leaves and seeds along with the cards and invite your children to match them up. You can provide magnifying glasses so your children can take a close-up look at the leaves and seeds. All the data used to support the results of this research are available from Jitendra Pandey upon request. Conflicts of Interest Hu, W.; Loka, D.A.; Fitzsimons, T.R.; Zhou, Z.; Oosterhuis, D.M. Potassium deficiency limits reproductive success by altering carbohydrate and protein balances in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Env. Exp. Bot. 2018, 145, 87–94. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version]
Kuai, J.; Liu, Z.; Wang, Y.; Meng, Y.; Chen, B.; Zhao, W.; Zhou, Z.; Oosterhuis, D.M. Waterlogging during flowering and boll forming stages affects sucrose metabolism in the leaves subtending the cotton boll and its relationship with boll weight. Plant Sci. 2014, 223, 79–98. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed]Karban, R., Yang, L. H. & Edwards, K. F. Volatile communication between plants that affects herbivory: a meta-analysis. Ecol. Lett. 17, 44–52 (2014). I have also taken the following courses and workshops, introducing them into my range of gardening skills: All data on seed numbers, as well as volatile compound and isoflavone levels, was Box-Cox transformed using JMP before statistical analyses. The amounts of α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene and γ-terpinene showed normal distributions, and the fitting of the normal distribution was reduced when they were Box-Cox transformed. Thus, the amounts of these compounds were not Box-Cox transformed. All of the data on seed numbers and volatile compound levels were positively adjust by 0.5 before being Box-Cox transformed to avoid having values of 0. Liquid chromatography–photodiode array (PDA)/MS/MS analysis of isoflavones in soybean seeds
Great Deal 
New Comment