Jan Sobieski: The King Who Saved Europe

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After the meal, Jan III went to the Cathedral of St. Stephen to pray there and thank God for the victory. Do you remember the first time you tasted a bagel? I don't. As a kid in the '80s and '90s, I chewed my way through thousands of those boiled-and-baked rings of bread dough. Fresh bagels from Bruegger's (a national chain that started small in Burlington, Vermont, my home turf, in 1983), frozen bagels, mini-bagels...our family wasn't terribly discriminating, I confess. We often bought bakery "day-olds" (foolish, since most connoisseurs will tell you a bagel goes stale within a few hours), and my dad still prefers microwaving to toasting—another form of bagel heresy. (According to him, 22 28 seconds is the perfect amount of time to warm up a large bagel in the microwave. That's the closest I've ever seen him come to cooking.*) Sobieski, therefore, though always an admirer of France, shifted away from the French alliance and concluded a treaty with the Holy Roman emperor Leopold I against the Turks (April 1, 1683). By the terms of the treaty, each ally had to support the other with all his might if the other’s capital were to be besieged. Thus, when a great Turkish army approached Vienna late in the summer of 1683, Sobieski himself rushed there with about 25,000 men. Because he had the highest rank of all military leaders gathered to relieve Vienna, he took command of the entire relief force (about 75,000 men) and achieved a brilliant victory over the Turks at the Kahlenberg (September 12, 1683), in one of the decisive battles of European history.

Sobieski wrote two letters on the night after the battle in the captured vizier’s tent. One to Pope Innocent XI – with the words Venimus, vidimus et Deus vicit (We came, we saw and God conquered), the second to his wife, Marysieńka, starting with the words: God and our Lord blessed forever gave victory and glory to our nation which past ages the past have never heard of. And there is a deep complementarity between them. Wasserstein focuses primarily on the “Ostjuden” of what are now Ukraine and Poland, and Henderson further westwards on what becomes the Austro-Hungarian empire. In both we read of the attempts of Jews over the course of time to move into, across and ultimately away from what was long their geographical centre of gravity.

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He failed to reform the ailing Commonwealth, and to secure the throne for his heir. [43] At the same time, he displayed high military prowess, he was well educated and literate, and a patron of science and arts. He supported the astronomer Johannes Hevelius, mathematician Adam Adamandy Kochański and the historian and poet Wespazjan Kochowski. His Wilanów Palace became the first of many palaces that would dot the lands of the Commonwealth over the next two centuries. [43] Gallery [ edit ] Only after the fall of the USSR and the new accessibility of Mitteleuropa did our two authors investigate their respective family histories, each visiting not only a variety of archive collections but also many of the dots on the map from which so much had emanated.

Mario Reading (2009). The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p.382. ISBN 978-1-906787-39-4. a b Drane, Augusta (1858), The Knights of st. John: with The battle of Lepanto and Siege of Vienna., Burns and Lambert, p.136 Rod dosáhl vrcholu své síly a významu na konci 16. a počátku 17. století, kdy jeden z jejich členů byl zvolen polským králem ( Jan III. Sobieski). Poslední mužský člen rodu, byl Jakub Ludvík Sobieski, 1667– 1737) Into the 19th century and we meet Wasserstein’s traditionally frum great-grandparents and their son Bernhard (aka “Berl”) who was born in Krakoviec in 1898.a b c d e f Frank N. Magill (2013). The 17th and 18th Centuries: Dictionary of World Biography. Routledge. p.727. ISBN 978-1-135-92414-0. Born into Polish nobility, Sobieski was educated at the Jagiellonian University and toured Europe in his youth. As a soldier and later commander, he fought in the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the Russo-Polish War and during the Swedish invasion known as the Deluge. Sobieski demonstrated his military prowess during the war against the Ottoman Empire and established himself as a leading figure in Poland and Lithuania. In 1674, he was elected monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth following the sudden and unexpected death of King Michael. a b c d e f g Bruce Alan Masters, Gábor Ágoston: Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 1438110251, 584. a b Şakul, Kahraman (2021). II. Viyana Kuşatması Yedi Ejderin Fendi (in Turkish). İstanbul: Timaş Publishing. p.228. ISBN 978-6050835663.