Tobar Rainbow Humming Top Traditional Spinning Toy

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The outer tail feathers of male Anna's ( Calypte anna) and Selasphorus hummingbirds (e.g., Allen's, calliope) vibrate during courtship display dives and produce an audible chirp caused by aeroelastic flutter. [160] [161] Hummingbirds cannot make the courtship dive sound when missing their outer tail feathers, and those same feathers could produce the dive sound in a wind tunnel. [160] The bird can sing at the same frequency as the tail-feather chirp, but its small syrinx is not capable of the same volume. [162] The sound is caused by the aerodynamics of rapid air flow past tail feathers, causing them to flutter in a vibration, which produces the high-pitched sound of a courtship dive. [160] [163] The highest recorded wingbeats for wild hummingbirds during hovering is 88 per second, as measured for the purple-throated woodstar ( Calliphlox mitchellii) weighing 3.2g. [155] The number of beats per second increases above "normal" while hovering during courtship displays (up to 90 per second for the calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope), a wingbeat rate 40% higher than its typical hovering rate. [156]

Hummingbirds have the highest mass-specific metabolic rate of any homeothermic animal. [5] [6] To conserve energy when food is scarce and at night when not foraging, they can enter torpor, a state similar to hibernation, and slow their metabolic rate to 1/15 of its normal rate. [6] [7] While most hummingbirds do not migrate, the rufous hummingbird has one of the longest migrations among birds, traveling twice per year between Alaska and Mexico, a distance of about 3,900 miles (6,300km). Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 366 species and 113 genera, [1] they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but most species are found in Central and South America. [2] About 28 hummingbird species are listed as endangered or critically endangered, with numerous species declining in population. [2] [3] Jun'ichi Kanemaru ( Sonic) | Chikao Ōtsuka ( Eggman, Eggman Nega) | Ryō Hirohashi ( Tails) | Sayaka Aoki ( Cream) | Nao Takamori ( Blaze) Hummingbirds have the highest metabolism of all vertebrate animals – a necessity to support the rapid beating of their wings during hovering and fast forward flight. [6] [91] During flight and hovering, oxygen consumption per gram of muscle tissue in a hummingbird is about 10 times higher than that measured in elite human athletes. [5] Hummingbirds achieve this extraordinary capacity for oxygen consumption by an exceptional density and proximity of capillaries and mitochondria in their flight muscles. [92] Once set in motion, a top will usually wobble for a few seconds, spin upright for a while, then start to wobble again with increasing amplitude as it loses energy, and finally tip over and roll on its side.a b Chillag, Amy (21 April 2023). "These tiny creatures are losing their battle to survive. Here's what we can do to save them". CNN . Retrieved 22 April 2023.

During cold temperatures, Anna's hummingbirds gradually gain weight during the day as they convert sugar to fat. [118] [119] In addition, hummingbirds with inadequate stores of body fat or insufficient plumage are able to survive periods of subfreezing weather by lowering their metabolic rate and entering a state of torpor. [120] Hummingbirds split from other members of Apodiformes, the insectivorous swifts (family Apodidae) and treeswifts (family Hemiprocnidae), about 42 million years ago, probably in Eurasia. [8] Despite their current New World distribution, the earliest species of hummingbird occurred in the early Oligocene ( Rupelian about 34–28 million years ago) of Europe, belonging to the genus Eurotrochilus, having similar morphology to modern hummingbirds. [9] [40] [41] Phylogeny [ edit ] The shapes of hummingbird beaks (also called bills) vary widely as an adaptation for specialized feeding, [65] [66] with some 7000 flowering plants pollinated by hummingbird nectar feeding. [193] Hummingbird beak lengths range from about 6 millimetres (0.24in) to as long as 110 millimetres (4.3in). [194] When catching insects in flight, a hummingbird's jaw flexes downward to widen the beak for successful capture. [181] Many plants pollinated by hummingbirds produce flowers in shades of red, orange, and bright pink, although the birds take nectar from flowers of other colors. Hummingbirds can see wavelengths into the near- ultraviolet, but hummingbird-pollinated flowers do not reflect these wavelengths as many insect-pollinated flowers do. This narrow color spectrum may render hummingbird-pollinated flowers relatively inconspicuous to most insects, thereby reducing nectar robbing. [58] [59] Hummingbird-pollinated flowers also produce relatively weak nectar (averaging 25% sugars) containing a high proportion of sucrose, whereas insect-pollinated flowers typically produce more concentrated nectars dominated by fructose and glucose. [60] The northward migration of rufous hummingbirds occurs along the Pacific flyway, [172] and may be time-coordinated with flower and tree-leaf emergence in early spring, and also with availability of insects as food. [171] Arrival at breeding grounds before nectar availability from mature flowers may jeopardize breeding opportunities. [173] Feeding [ edit ] Hummingbirds feeding; video recorded at 1,500 frames per second Hummingbird visiting flowers in Copiapó, Chile: The apparent slow movement of hummingbird wings is a result of the stroboscopic effect.National Recreation Association (1965). Recreation. p.92. Archived from the original on 2013-11-13.

Akatento · Aotento · Ape · Bu-Bu · Buzzer · Clam · Condor · Gaogao · Gekogeko · Ginpe · Guards · Guruguru · Hariisen · Jousun · Juggling · Kamaki · Kyacchaa · Marun · Minimole · Muukaden · Spina · Takkon · Uutsubo · Yadokk · Yukigasen Aztecs wore hummingbird talismans, artistic representations of hummingbirds and fetishes made from actual hummingbird parts as emblematic for vigor, energy, and propensity to do work along with their sharp beaks that symbolically mimic instruments of weaponry, bloodletting, penetration, and intimacy. Hummingbird talismans were prized as drawing sexual potency, energy, vigor, and skill at arms and warfare to the wearer. [224] The Aztec god of war Huitzilopochtli is often depicted in art as a hummingbird. [225] Aztecs believed that fallen warriors would be reincarnated as hummingbirds. [225] [226] The Nahuatl word huitzil translates to hummingbird. [225] One of the Nazca Lines depicts a hummingbird (right). [227] Some species of sunbirds — an Old World group restricted in distribution to Eurasia, Africa, and Australia — resemble hummingbirds in appearance and behavior, [27] but are not related to hummingbirds, as their resemblance is due to convergent evolution. [28] a b Junker, Robert R.; Blüthgen, Nico; Brehm, Tanja; Binkenstein, Julia; Paulus, Justina; Martin Schaefer, H. & Stang, Martina (13 December 2012). "Specialization on traits as basis for the niche‐breadth of flower visitors and as structuring mechanism of ecological networks". Functional Ecology. 27 (2): 329–341. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12005. Of the 15 species of North American hummingbirds that inhabit the United States and Canada, [2] several have changed their range of distribution, while others showed declines in numbers since the 1970s, [2] [3] including in 2023 with dozens of hummingbird species in decline. As of the 21st century, rufous, Costa's, calliope, broad-tailed, and Allen's hummingbirds are in significant decline, some losing as much as 67% of their numbers since 1970 at nearly double the rate of population loss over the previous 50 years. [2] [3] [25] The ruby-throated hummingbird population – the most populous North American hummingbird – decreased by 17% over the early 21st century. [3] Habitat loss, glass collisions, cat predation, pesticides, and possibly climate change affecting food availability, migration signals, and breeding are factors that may contribute to declining hummingbird numbers. [2] [25] By contrast, Anna's hummingbirds had large population growth at an accelerating rate since 2010, [3] and expanded their range northward to reside year-round in cold winter climates. [26] Superficially similar species [ edit ]Hummingbirds are restricted to the Americas from south central Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, including the Caribbean. The majority of species occur in tropical and subtropical Central and South America, but several species also breed in temperate climates and some hillstars occur even in alpine Andean highlands at altitudes up to 5,200m (17,100ft). [30] a b c d e f g h Hargrove, J.L. (2005). "Adipose energy stores, physical work, and the metabolic syndrome: Lessons from hummingbirds". Nutrition Journal. 4: 36. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-4-36. PMC 1325055. PMID 16351726. A map of the hummingbird family tree – reconstructed from analysis of 284 species – shows rapid diversification from 22 million years ago. [42] Hummingbirds fall into nine main clades – the topazes, hermits, mangoes, brilliants, coquettes, the giant hummingbird, mountaingems, bees, and emeralds – defining their relationship to nectar-bearing flowering plants which attract hummingbirds into new geographic areas. [8] [43] [44] a b c d "Hummingbirds' 22-million-year-old history of remarkable change is far from complete". ScienceDaily. 3 April 2014 . Retrieved 30 September 2014.

The Andes Mountains appear to be a particularly rich environment for hummingbird evolution because diversification occurred simultaneously with mountain uplift over the past 10 million years. [42] Hummingbirds remain in dynamic diversification inhabiting ecological regions across South America, North America, and the Caribbean, indicating an enlarging evolutionary radiation. [42] a b White, Richard (19 September 2015). "Hummingbird hawk moth, hummingbird and sunbird". Bird Ecology Study Group . Retrieved 8 March 2023.In the wild, hummingbirds visit flowers for food, extracting nectar, which is 55% sucrose, 24% glucose, and 21% fructose on a dry-matter basis. [205] Hummingbirds also take sugar-water from bird feeders, which allow people to observe and enjoy hummingbirds up close while providing the birds with a reliable source of energy, especially when flower blossoms are less abundant. A negative aspect of artificial feeders, however, is that the birds may seek less flower nectar for food, and so may reduce the amount of pollination their feeding naturally provides. [206] For those who love the game of curling, you can actually play it with spinning tops as well. All you need is some sidewalk chalk to draw circle targets on the ground. Then spin the tops and try to have them land within the targets. Assign points to the targets so you can see who wins. The heart rate of hummingbirds can reach as high as 1,260 beats per minute, a rate measured in a blue-throated hummingbird with a breathing rate of 250 breaths per minute at rest. [6] [103] Heat dissipation [ edit ]